To set up a new LDAP server:

- Install the RPM 389-ds-base with yum (these are installed by kickstart
  these days, so these two steps are probably not necessary)
  root# yum install -y 389-ds-base
  root# yum install -y policycoreutils-python
  root# yum install -y ldapvi
- We want to run the directory server as its own user, so create fedora-ds
  root# useradd -r -d /var/lib/dirsrv fedora-ds
- Temporarily move away the existing slapd-scripts folder
  root# mv /etc/dirsrv/slapd-scripts{,.bak}
- root# /usr/sbin/setup-ds.pl
    - Choose a typical install
    - Tell it to use the fedora-ds user and group
    - Directory server identifier: scripts
        Needed to remove this from the config file first
    - Suffix: dc=scripts,dc=mit,dc=edu
    - Input directory manager password
      (this can be found in  ~/.ldapvirc)
- Move the schema back
  root# cp -R /etc/dirsrv/slapd-scripts.bak/{.svn,*} /etc/dirsrv/slapd-scripts
  root# rm -Rf /etc/dirsrv/slapd-scripts.bak
- Turn dirsrv off: service dirsrv stop
- Apply the following configuration changes.  If you're editing
  dse.ldif, you don't want dirsrv to be on, otherwise it will
  overwrite your changes. [XXX: show how to do these changes with
  dsconf, which is the "blessed" method]

# Inside cn=config.  These changes definitely require a restart.
nsslapd-ldapifilepath: /var/run/slapd-scripts.socket
nsslapd-ldapilisten: on
nsslapd-syntaxcheck: off

# Add these blocks

# mapname, mapping, sasl, config
# This is the most liberal mapping you can have for SASL: you can
# basically add authentication for any given GSSAPI mechanism by
# explicitly creating the UID for that SASL string.
dn: cn=mapname,cn=mapping,cn=sasl,cn=config
objectClass: top
objectClass: nsSaslMapping
cn: mapname
nsSaslMapRegexString: \(.*\)
nsSaslMapBaseDNTemplate: uid=\1,ou=People,dc=scripts,dc=mit,dc=edu
nsSaslMapFilterTemplate: (objectClass=posixAccount)

- Put LDAP keytab (ldap/hostname.mit.edu) in /etc/dirsrv/keytab.  Make
  sure you chown/chgrp it to be readable by fedora-ds
- Uncomment and modify in /etc/sysconfig/dirsrv: KRB5_KTNAME=/etc/dirsrv/keytab ; export KRB5_KTNAME
- chown fedora-ds:fedora-ds /var/run/dirsrv
- chown fedora-ds /etc/dirsrv/keytab
- /sbin/service dirsrv start
- Use ldapvi -b cn=config to add these indexes (8 of them):

add cn=apacheServerName, cn=index, cn=userRoot, cn=ldbm database, cn=plugins, cn=config
objectClass: top
objectClass: nsIndex
cn: apacheServerName
nsSystemIndex: false
nsIndexType: eq
nsIndexType: pres

add cn=apacheServerAlias, cn=index, cn=userRoot, cn=ldbm database, cn=plugins, cn=config
objectClass: top
objectClass: nsIndex
cn: apacheServerAlias
nsSystemIndex: false
nsIndexType: eq
nsIndexType: pres

add cn=scriptsVhostName, cn=index, cn=userRoot, cn=ldbm database, cn=plugins, cn=config
objectClass: top
objectClass: nsIndex
cn: scriptsVhostName
nsSystemIndex: false
nsIndexType: eq
nsIndexType: pres

add cn=scriptsVhostAlias, cn=index, cn=userRoot, cn=ldbm database, cn=plugins, cn=config
objectClass: top
objectClass: nsIndex
cn: scriptsVhostAlias
nsSystemIndex: false
nsIndexType: eq
nsIndexType: pres

add cn=scriptsVhostAccount, cn=index, cn=userRoot, cn=ldbm database, cn=plugins, cn=config
objectClass: top
objectClass: nsIndex
cn: scriptsVhostAccount
nsSystemIndex: false
nsIndexType: eq
nsIndexType: pres

add cn=memberuid, cn=index, cn=userRoot, cn=ldbm database, cn=plugins, cn=config
objectClass: top
objectClass: nsIndex
cn: memberuid
nsSystemIndex: false
nsIndexType: eq
nsIndexType: pres

add cn=uidnumber, cn=index, cn=userRoot, cn=ldbm database, cn=plugins, cn=config
objectClass: top
objectClass: nsIndex
cn: uidnumber
nsSystemIndex: false
nsIndexType: eq
nsIndexType: pres

add cn=gidnumber, cn=index, cn=userRoot, cn=ldbm database, cn=plugins, cn=config
objectClass: top
objectClass: nsIndex
cn: gidnumber
nsSystemIndex: false
nsIndexType: eq
nsIndexType: pres

- Build the indexes for all the fields:

    /usr/lib64/dirsrv/slapd-scripts/db2index.pl -D "cn=Directory Manager" -j /etc/signup-ldap-pw -n userRoot

  (/etc/signup-ldap-pw is the LDAP root password, make sure it's
  chmodded correctly and chowned to signup. Also, make sure it doesn't
  have a trailing newline!)

-  Watch for the indexing operations to finish with this command:

    ldapsearch -x -y /etc/signup-ldap-pw -D 'cn=Directory Manager' -b cn=tasks,cn=config

  (look for nktaskstatus)

- Set up replication.

  We used to tell people to go execute
  http://directory.fedoraproject.org/sources/contrib/mmr.pl manually
  (manually because that script assumes only two masters and we have
  every one of our servers set up as a master.)  However, those
  instructions are inaccurate, because we use GSSAPI, not SSL and
  because the initializing procedure is actually prone to a race
  condition.  Here are some better instructions.

  LDAP replication is based around producers and consumers.  Producers
  push changes in LDAP to consumers: these arrangements are called
  "replication agreements" and the producer will hold a
  nsDS5ReplicationAgreement object that represents this commitment,
  as well as some extra configuration to say who consumers will accept
  replication data from (a nsDS5Replica).

  The procedure, at a high level, is this:

    1. Pick an arbitrary existing master.  The current server will
       be configured as a slave to that master.  Initialize a changelog,
       then request a replication to populate our server with
       information.

            M1 <---> M2 ---> S

    2. Configure the new server to be replicated back.

            M1 <---> M2 <---> S

    3. Set up the rest of the replication agreements.

                M1 <---> M2
                ^         ^
                |         |
                +--> S <--+

    4. Push a change from every existing server (to the new server), and
       then a change from the new server to (all) the existing servers.
       In addition to merely testing that replication works, this will
       set up the servers' changelogs properly.

       If this step is not completed before any server's LDAP server
       shuts down, then the replication agreements will fall apart the
       next time a change is made. You may wish to intentionally reboot
       any servers that look like they want to crash _before_ beginning
       this process.

  Here's how you do it.

    0. Tell -c scripts not to go off and reboot servers until you're
       done (or to get any rebooting done with first).

    1. Pull open the replication part of the database. It's fairly empty
       right now.

        ldapvi -b cn=\"dc=scripts,dc=mit,dc=edu\",cn=mapping\ tree,cn=config

    2. Configure the server $SLAVE (this server) to accept $MASTER
       replications by adding the following LDAP entries:

add cn=replica, cn="dc=scripts,dc=mit,dc=edu", cn=mapping tree, cn=config
objectClass: top
objectClass: nsDS5Replica
cn: replica
nsDS5ReplicaId: $REPLICA_ID
nsDS5ReplicaRoot: dc=scripts,dc=mit,dc=edu
nsDS5Flags: 1
nsDS5ReplicaBindDN: uid=ldap/bees-knees.mit.edu,ou=People,dc=scripts,dc=mit,dc=edu
nsDS5ReplicaBindDN: uid=ldap/busy-beaver.mit.edu,ou=People,dc=scripts,dc=mit,dc=edu
nsDS5ReplicaBindDN: uid=ldap/cats-whiskers.mit.edu,ou=People,dc=scripts,dc=mit,dc=edu
nsDS5ReplicaBindDN: uid=ldap/pancake-bunny.mit.edu,ou=People,dc=scripts,dc=mit,dc=edu
nsDS5ReplicaBindDN: uid=ldap/whole-enchilada.mit.edu,ou=People,dc=scripts,dc=mit,dc=edu
nsDS5ReplicaBindDN: uid=ldap/real-mccoy.mit.edu,ou=People,dc=scripts,dc=mit,dc=edu
nsDS5ReplicaBindDN: uid=ldap/better-mousetrap.mit.edu,ou=People,dc=scripts,dc=mit,dc=edu
nsDS5ReplicaBindDN: uid=ldap/old-faithful.mit.edu,ou=People,dc=scripts,dc=mit,dc=edu
nsDS5ReplicaBindDN: uid=ldap/shining-armor.mit.edu,ou=People,dc=scripts,dc=mit,dc=edu
nsds5ReplicaPurgeDelay: 604800
nsds5ReplicaLegacyConsumer: off
nsDS5ReplicaType: 3

        $REPLICA_ID is the scripts$N number (stella $HOSTNAME to find
        out.)  You might wonder why we are binding to all servers;
        weren't we going to replicate from only one server?  That is
        correct, however, simply binding won't mean we will receive
        updates; we have to setup the $MASTER to send data $SLAVE.

    3. Although we allowed those uids to bind, that user information
       doesn't exist on $SLAVE yet.  So you'll need to create the entry
       for just $MASTER.

add uid=ldap/$MASTER,ou=People,dc=scripts,dc=mit,dc=edu
uid: ldap/$MASTER
objectClass: account
objectClass: top

    4. Though our $SLAVE will not be making changes to LDAP, we need to
       initialize the changelog because we intend to be able to do this
       later.

add cn=changelog5,cn=config
objectclass: top
objectclass: extensibleObject
cn: changelog5
nsslapd-changelogdir: /etc/dirsrv/slapd-scripts/changelogdb

    5. Ok, now go to your $MASTER server that you picked (it should have
       been one of the hosts mentioned in nsDS5ReplicaBindDN) and tell
       it to replicate to $SLAVE.

       The last line runs the replication.  This is perhaps the most
       risky step of the process; see below for help debugging problems.

       WARNING: There is a known bug doing full updates from 1.2.6 to
       1.2.6, see https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=637852

add cn="GSSAPI Replication to $SLAVE", cn=replica, cn="dc=scripts,dc=mit,dc=edu", cn=mapping tree, cn=config
objectClass: top
objectClass: nsDS5ReplicationAgreement
cn: "GSSAPI Replication to $SLAVE"
cn: GSSAPI Replication to $SLAVE
nsDS5ReplicaHost: $SLAVE
nsDS5ReplicaRoot: dc=scripts,dc=mit,dc=edu
nsDS5ReplicaPort: 389
nsDS5ReplicaTransportInfo: LDAP
nsDS5ReplicaBindDN: uid=ldap/$MASTER,ou=People,dc=scripts,dc=mit,dc=edu
nsDS5ReplicaBindMethod: SASL/GSSAPI
nsDS5ReplicaUpdateSchedule: "0000-2359 0123456"
nsDS5ReplicaTimeout: 120
nsDS5BeginReplicaRefresh: start

    5. Check that the replication is running; the status will be stored
    in the object we've been mucking around with.

    If it fails with LDAP Error 49, check /var/log/dirsrv on $MASTER
    for more information.  It might be because fedora-ds can't read
    /etc/dirsrv/keytab

    6. Replicate in the other direction.  On $MASTER, add $SLAVE
    as a nsDS5ReplicaBindDN in cn=replica,cn="dc=scripts,dc=mit,dc=edu",cn=mapping tree,cn=config
    Also, add an account for $SLAVE

add uid=ldap/$SLAVE,ou=People,dc=scripts,dc=mit,dc=edu
uid: ldap/$SLAVE
objectClass: account
objectClass: top

    On $SLAVE,

add cn="GSSAPI Replication to $MASTER", cn=replica, cn="dc=scripts,dc=mit,dc=edu", cn=mapping tree, cn=config
objectClass: top
objectClass: nsDS5ReplicationAgreement
cn: "GSSAPI Replication to $MASTER"
cn: GSSAPI Replication to $MASTER
nsDS5ReplicaHost: $MASTER
nsDS5ReplicaRoot: dc=scripts,dc=mit,dc=edu
nsDS5ReplicaPort: 389
nsDS5ReplicaTransportInfo: LDAP
nsDS5ReplicaBindDN: uid=ldap/$SLAVE,ou=People,dc=scripts,dc=mit,dc=edu
nsDS5ReplicaBindMethod: SASL/GSSAPI
nsDS5ReplicaUpdateSchedule: "0000-2359 0123456"
nsDS5ReplicaTimeout: 120

    If you get a really scary internal server error, that might mean you
    forgot to initialize the changelog.  Remove the replication
    agreement (you'll need to turn off dirsrv), add the changelog, and
    then try again.

    7. Repeat step 6 to complete the graph of replications (i.e., from
    every other server to the new server, and from the new server to
    every other server).

    Note the only difference between steps 5 and 6 is the lack of
    nsDS5ReplicaRefresh: start. That only needs to be done once, to the
    new server.

    8. If at this point you look at the new server's changelog with
    cl-dump (preferably /mit/scripts/admin/cl-dump.pl, to not prompt you
    for a password), you won't see the servers you added in step 7. So,
    from each of those servers, make a change to some record so it gets
    propagated to the new server, and then one from the new server so it
    gets propagated to all the existing servers' changelogs. This is
    also good for making sure the replication agreements actually work.

Troubleshooting
===============

LDAP multimaster replication can fail in a number of colorful ways;
combine that with GSSAPI authentication and it goes exponential.

If authentication is failing with LDAP error 49, check if:

    * /etc/dirsrv/keytab
    * fedora-ds is able to read /etc/dirsrv/keytab
    * /etc/hosts has not been modified by Network Manager (you
      /did/ uninstall it, right? Right?)

If the failure is local to a single master, usually you can recover
by asking another master to refresh that master with:

nsDS5BeginReplicaRefresh: start

In practice, we've also had problems with this technique.  Some of them
include:

* Something like https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=547503
  on Fedora 11 ns-slapd, where replication is turned off to do the
  replication, but then it wedges and you need to forcibly kill the
  process.

* Failed LDAP authentication because another master attempted to do
  an incremental update.

* Repropagation of the error because the corrupt master thinks it still
  should push updates.

So the extremely safe method to bring up a crashed master is as follows:

1. Disable all incoming and outgoing replication agreements by editing
   /etc/dirsrv/slapd-scripts/dse.ldif. You'll need to munge:

   nsDS5ReplicaBindDN in cn=replica,cn=dc\3Dscripts\2Cdc\3Dmit\2Cdc\3Dedu,cn=mapping tree,cn=config

   and all of the push agreements.  Deleting them outright works, but
   means you'll have to reconstruct all of the agreements from scratch.

2. Bring up the server.

3. Accept incoming replication data from a single server.

4. Initiate a full update from that server.

5. Finish setting up replication as described above.

If your database gets extremely fucked, other servers may not be able
to authenticate because your authentication information has gone missing.
In that case, the minimal set of entries you need is:

add dc=scripts,dc=mit,dc=edu
objectClass: top
objectClass: domain
dc: scripts

add ou=People,dc=scripts,dc=mit,dc=edu
objectClass: top
objectClass: organizationalunit
ou: People

add uid=ldap/whole-enchilada.mit.edu,ou=People,dc=scripts,dc=mit,dc=edu
objectClass: account
objectClass: top
uid: ldap/whole-enchilada.mit.edu
